The most urgent statements of the liberaland conservative concept developed by theoutstanding Russian scientist Peter Struve areanalyzed. His appraisal of some trends of politicalthought of Russian emigration is determined.The basic ideas of thinker about the nature ofpower and importance of conscious creativityof the people for the development of society areoutlined. The views of the Russian philosopheron the cultural and political significance ofRussian emigration are shown ; Проведен анализ наиболее актуальныхположений либерально-консервативнойконцепции, разработанной выдающимсярусским ученым П. Б. Струве. Определенаего оценка некоторых направленийполитической мысли русскойпослереволюционной эмиграции. Очерченыосновные идеи мыслителя о сущностивласти и значении сознательного творчестванарода для развития общества. Освещенывзгляды русского философа на культурно-политическое значение русской эмиграции. ; Проведено аналіз найбільш актуальних положень ліберально-консервативної концепції, розробленої видатним російським вченим П. Б. Струве. Визначена його оцінка деяких напрямів політичної думки російської післяреволюційної еміграції. Окреслено основні ідеї мислителя щодо сутності влади і значення свідомої творчості народу для розвитку суспільства. Висвітлені погляди російського філософа щодо культурно-політичного значення російської еміграції.
It is given the analysis of the basic tenets of N. Berdyaev's theory of political values. The essence and the criteria for determining of the hierarchy of political values is defined. Identified the foundation of the gradation of political values and their role in building of harmonious society. It is stressed conditionality and the dialectical relationship of political values. It is certain that personality in the political axiology of outstanding Russian scientist of N. Berdyaev's is a criterion and highest value. In reality organic and natural hierarchy of values quite often is in the inverted state. This is the reason of most of the social, political and spiritual problems of humanity. The main reason for tipping over the hierarchy of values is to create idols. The political values-means overshadow the political value-target. The impetus for the creation of idols may become destruction of traditional society, establishment of the domination of some political ideologies or the change of the socio-political system. The state's sovereignty and the sovereignty of the nation absorb the sovereignty of the individual and subdue her. Democracy recognizes the primacy of society over the personality. Liberalism compromises the concept of freedom. He destroys the real freedom of the individual for the sake of formal freedom abstract citizen. Freedom and justice are closely related.Necessary is committed to building a free and just society. Culture in the hierarchy of values stands above politics and political forms. Science and culture are not absolute values. They are an expression of the creative nature of the individual. In political theory and practice the traditional political values liberalism or democracy also significantly overvalued and absolutized. Most of the political values are dialectically interrelated. They may be realized fully only in conditions of of conservation the true hierarchy and organic ratio. Reflections thinker about the formation of political values of Soviet society and overcoming the totalitarian deformations of political consciousness have a interest for the further researches. ; Проведен анализ основных положений теории политических ценностей Н. Бердяева. Выяснена сущность и подчеркнуты критерии определения иерархии политических ценностей. Установлены основания градации политических ценностей и их роль в построении гармоничного общества. Прослежена обусловленность и диалектическая связь политических ценностей. ; Проведено аналіз основних положень теорії політичних цінностей М. Бердяєва. Встановлено сутність і критерії визначення ієрархії політичних цінностей. З'ясовано підстави градації політичних цінностей і їхню роль у побудові гармонійного суспільства. Встановлено взаємну обумовленість і діалектичний зв'язок певних політичних цінностей
Проведено аналіз основних положень теорії органічної демократії І. Ільїна. Визначена ключова проблема формальної демократії, яка полягає у пріоритеті зовнішніх ознак над внутрішньою сутністю.Висвітлено небезпеки і помилки, які можуть викликати непідготовленість і поспішність соціально-економічних і політичних трансформацій. ; It is given the analysis of the basic tenets of I. Ilyin's theory of organic democracy. It is defined philosopher's key ideas in the assessment of the place and role of democracy in development of modern statehood. It is specified the definite idealistic peculiarities of scientist's views on the nature of moral and spiritual status of the political elite.It is considered the main suggestions of Russian thinker on building of a model of democracy that harmoniously combine traditions, historical and national features of different countries. I. Ilyin appears as a consistent and loyal supporter of the organic understanding of the nature of democracy. He denies the established views on the Western model of democracy. I. Ilyin names the Western model of democracy as a formal one. Its key issue consists in the priority of the external signs over the inner entity. The formal democracy opens the way to the power for adventurers, demagogues. The elections of the bodies of power often turn into a competition of capitals. Successful transition from totalitarianism to democracy is possible only if there are important preconditions. The organic democracy is based on a high sense of justice of the people. Citizens have economic independence. The society has accumulated sufficient political experience. At the heart of building of a successful democracy must be creative combination of the popular initiative and the state power with a glance to the specific historical conditions and all features of concrete country and its people. Ilyin says that there is no equally suitable form of government for all countries. In general, unbiased and critical analysis of Western democracy has allowed to maintain objectivity.The concept of I. Ilyin's organic democracy is deep enough, logical and convincing thanks to his comments and definition of hazards and errors that can cause a lack of preparation and the haste of social and economic and political transformations. The conclusions of the philosopher about the shortcomings of formal democracy are confirmed today, and actualize the creative heritage of the outstanding Russian thinker. The study of this theoretical array will allow exploring the evolution of democratic ideology, to identify the key priorities and new approaches to the organization of power and to the development of the main concepts of foreign and domestic policy. ; Проведен анализ основных положений теории органической демократии И. Ильина. Определена ключевая проблема формальной демократии, которая заключается в приоритете внешних признаков над внутренней сущностью. Освещены опасности и ошибки, которые могут вызвать неподготовленность и поспешность социально-экономических и политических трансформаций.
Проведено аналіз основних положень монархічної теорії І. Ільїна. Визначено ключові ідеї філософа щодо оцінки місця і ролі монархічної форми правління у розвитку державності. Зазначено певну ідеалістичність поглядів вченого на витоки і сутність монархії. Розглянуто основні пропозиції російського мислителя стосовно побудови державної моделі, яка забезпечить гармонійне поєднання консервативних і ліберальних традицій державотворення. ; It is given the analysis of the main conceptions of the Ilyin'smonarchical theory. It is defined the philosopher's key ideasin the assessment of place and role of the monarchical formof government in the development of statehood. It is noted thecertain idealistic views of scientist on the origins and nature ofthe monarchy. It is considered the main conceptions of Russianthinker concerning the forming of the state model whichharmoniously combines conservative and liberal traditions ofthe state. Ilyin appears as a consistent and loyal supporter ofthe monarchy. Philosopher insists on the high moral, spiritualand religious meaning of monarchism. He denies the establishedviews on the monarchy as the outdated and reactionary formof government, which restricts the initiative, freedom of actionand expression. Ilyin emphasizes the danger of conservatism,which can interfere with the necessary reforms. However, therepublican system, which is open to any innovation, is much moredangerous. Reformer can be as a curse to the people. At the sametime a great trust and support of unworthy rulers can also causepeople's suffering and the destruction of the state. It is offered theanalysis of the I. Ilyin's ideas about positive and negative factorsof nation-building on the principles of corporation and founding.At the heart of the building of a successful state must be a creativecombination of the principles of corporation and founding with aglance of specific historical conditions and all peculiarities of eachcountry and its people. Ilyin says that there is no equally suitableform of government for all countries. Thanks to unbiased andcritical analysis of the monarchy philosopher has not become itsblind apologist. The concept of I. Ilyin's monarchy is deep enough,logical and convincing thanks to his comments and the definition ofhazards and errors that the monarchy can cause. The conclusionsof the philosopher about the shortcomings of the republicansystem are confirmed today, and they make more urgent thecreative heritage of outstanding Russian thinker. The study of thistheoretical array will allow exploring the evolution of monarchicalideology, to identify the key priorities and new approaches to theproblem of organization of power and to the development of themain concepts of foreign and domestic policy of the state. ; Проведен анализ основных положений монархическойтеории И. Ильина. Определены ключевые идеи философав оценке места и роли монархической формы правленияв развитии государственности. Указана определеннаяидеалистичность взглядов ученого на истоки и сущностьмонархии. Рассмотрены основные предложения русскогомыслителя относительно построения государственноймодели гармонично сочетающей консервативные илиберальные традиции построения государства.
